This website is created solely for jee aspirants to download pdf, ebooks, study materials for free. Download physics notes for class 12 chapterwise in pdf. This chart shows the number of lumens produced by common incandescent bulbs. The best physics o level notes compiled from all around the world at one place for your ease so you can prepare for your tests and examinations with the satisfaction that you have the best resources available to you. Notes on oscillations and mechanical waves the topics for the second part of our physics class this quarter will be oscillations and waves. Waves class 11 notes physics chapter 15 waves wave is a form of disturbance which travels through a material medium due to the repeated f periodic motion of the particles of the medium about their mean positions without any actual transportation of matter. I much prefer atomicquantum physics, but alas, igcse physics has very little of this. It comes from the greek word polos, for the axis of a spinning globe. Transverse waves have vibrations perpendicular to the direction of travel e. Providing study notes, tips, and practice questions for students preparing for their o level or upper secondary examinations.
When light is transmitted across a boundary between two mediums with different refractive indexes, part of the light is reflected and the remaining part is refracted for further explanation, see section 4. The light reflected is partially polarized, meaning that it is a mixture of polarized light and unpolarized light. Play notes that have the same name but different frequencies. The sensation of vision is stimulated through optic nerve. Physics notes form 3 free download kcse revision notes pdf. Topics covered include re ection and transmission at boundaries, dispersion, polarization e ects, di raction, coherence, ray optics and imaging, the propagation of light in matter, and the quantum nature of light.
Coherent and incoherent sources two sources are said to be coherent if they emit light waves of the same wave length and start with same phase or have a constant phase difference. This type of waves is categorised as longitudinal waves. It focuses primarily on the wave and ray descriptions of light, but also includes a brief intro. Physical quantities and units kinematics dynamics mass, weight and density turning effects of forces pressure work, energy and power kinetic model of matter transfer of thermal energy temperature thermal properties. In kinematics forces causing motion are disregarded while dynamics deals with motion of objects and the forces causing them. Lowlevel waste requires minimal shielding during, handling, transport and storage. Properties of light university of maryland college of.
Lecture notes physics iii physics mit opencourseware. More familiar types of waves are sound, or waves on a surface of water. Electromagnetic waves light, radio waves, and x rays are examples of. Oscillations and waves the unit oscillations and waves has got 100 periods. Each lesson includes informative graphics, occasional animations and videos, and check your understanding sections that allow the user to practice what is taught. The angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection, and the incident ray, the reflected ray and the normal to the mirror. Traveling waves appear only after a thorough exploration of onedimensional standing waves. If youre seeing this message, it means were having trouble loading external resources on our website.
This set of notes is great for students as it collates all the information they need to know onto an a4 piece of paper. Light is reradiated and propagated forward through medium medium is transparent. Get pdf download of class 12 physics chapter 8 electromagnetic waves class 12 notes, video lectures and more made by expert teachers of vidyakul to score high marks in your exams. However, the energy imparted by the waves is absorbed at single locations the way.
Light waves vce the question of what is light was a matter of great debate during the 17th and 18th century. Electromagnetic waves are ultimately produced by an accelerating charge. Objectives aims this chapter is essentially an introduction to the wave theory of light. Electromagnetic waves include, radio waves, microwaves, infrared, light, ultraviolet, xrays, and gamma rays. Wave motionis the disturbance, set up in the medium, due to the repeated periodic motion of the particles of the medium and travels from the particle to particle, the particles themselves keep vibrating about their mean positions. The detrimental effects of radioactive wastes depend on the quantity, type, halflife of the waste and the type of radioactive rays emitted. In this lesson we revise the doppler effect, huygens principle, diffraction of light and the photoelectric. At this stage you should get a basic understanding of the wave model of light, which involves the idea of light as a complex superposition of many component waves, or elementary waves, each with its own wavelength. Pdfdownload iit jee handwritten notes physics jeemain. As shown below, an electromagnetic wave is a transverse wave consisting of mutually perpendicular oscillating electric and magnetic fields.
Light reflection and refraction notes for class 10 formulas download pdf. Light travels in straight lines, so if you have to represent. Physics notes form 2 free download kcse revision notes pdf. Electromagnetic waves are dealt with more fully in another section of this book. Mechanical waves those waves which require a material medium for their propagation, are called mechanical waves, e. Like all types of em radiation, visible light propagates as waves. A line drawn in the direction of propagation of light is called a ray of light. There are also accompanying test sheets to check your memorisation. Types of waves 2types of waves 2 plane waves propagation direction w plane waves have a propagation direction and therefore plane wavefronts e. The speed of light in a medium depends upon the nature of medium. At this stage you should get a basic understanding of the wave model of light, which involves the idea of light as a complex superposition of many component waves, or elementary waves. How light travels light waves ks3 physics revision bbc. Ripples, radio waves and light are all examples of waves.
The direction of vibration in the waves is at 90 to the direction that the light travels. The speed of sound varies from material to material. The physics classroom tutorial presents physics concepts and principles in an easytounderstand language. Physics is my favourite of the sciences, but i found igcse physics rather dry, since it has a large focus on mechanics. Find out more by downloading our comprehensive revision notes. Free o level physics revision notes that will help you in revising for your exams. Physics notes class 12 pdf r k maliks newton classes. Revision notes on waves and sound waves askiitians. Waves class 11 notes physics chapter 15 learn cbse.
The nature of waves summary the physics hypertextbook. A wave is a vibratory disturbance in a medium which carries energy from one point to another point without any actual movement of the medium. We have highquality and well curated cbse class 12 physics notes that are readily available for downloading. Photoelectric effect, compton scattering, matter waves pdf 4. Propagation of light through a slit demonstrates wave properties. Like all electromagnetic waves, light can travel through a. The best physics o level notes o and a level notes. Describe the six properties of electromagnetic waves and give everyday examples. Waves turn out to be one of the ways that energy can be. The motion of a particle in the wave is parallel to the motion of the pulse. Note that the wave equation quoted above describes the progression of an idealised wave in a onedimensional space. Light is a transverse, electromagnetic wave that can be seen by the typical human.
Christian huygens proposed that light travelled as waves. Light waves can behave like particles photons and waves. According to wave theory of light, the light is a form of energy which travels through a medium in the form of transverse wave motion. The idea is read the information and than print the quiz sheet and try the questions. Conceptual ideas develop logically and sequentially, ultimately leading into the mathematics of the topics. Matter waves these waves are commonly used in modern technology but they are unfamiliar to us. I hope to emphasize that the physics of standing waves is the same. You can find notes and exam questions for additional math, elementary math, physics, biology and chemistry.
Light reflection and refraction notes for class 10. Light, reflection, and color characteristics of light light is an electromagnetic wave. Small oscillations of a mass suspended by a light helical spring. Apr, 2012 place a glass block on a sheet of white paper and draw a line all around it. They are also responsible for transmitting energy in the form of microwaves, infrared radiation ir, visible light vis, ultraviolet light uv, xrays, and gamma rays. Waves a wave is a disturbance that pppg gropagates through space and time, usually with transferrance of energy. A ray of light is the straight line along which the light traveled and a bundle of light rays is called a beam of light. Year 9 physics waves, light, sound, mirrors, lenses fact. How light travels light waves ks3 physics revision. We will discuss these concepts in detail in later lessons. The wave nature of light was first illustrated through experiments on diffraction and interference. Have each group, with notes and manuals closed and. This student con feel the heot waves from the sun coming in through the windows of the train, she con hear the sound.
This phenomena is called the waveparticle nature of light or waveparticle duality. Like all electromagnetic waves, light can travel through a vacuum. Thses waves are associated with electrons, protons and other fundamental particles. Oct 16, 2017 physics notes for competitive exams optics. Draw your lines and you would note that the ray of light didnt travel straight through the. Radioactive waste with the longest halflife poses the greatest risk to human health. Hence our ncert physics class 12 notes pdf can be downloaded to reap these excellent benefits. A sound wave compresses pushes together and rarefies spreads apart the particles of the material, and how easily this happens affects the speed of the wave.
The physics classroom physics tutorial vibrations and waves. Class 12 physics chapter 8 electromagnetic waves notes pdf download electromagnetic waves are used to transmit longshortfm wavelength radio waves, and tvtelephonewireless signals or energies. Sound travels fastest in solids because the molecules in a solid are. Basic idea of displacement current, electromagnetic waves, their characteristics, their transverse nature qualitative ideas only. Particle nature of light and wave nature of matter. Characteristics of wave the characteristics of waves are as follows. Using a ray light box, shine a ray of light from the air into the glass. Sir isaac newton believed that light was a stream of particles. Physics is the scientific study of matter and energy and how they interact with each other. Physics 341 experiment 4 page 41 chapter 4 polarization 4. Newtons laws of motion allen physics particle kinematics allen physics practical physics allen physics rotational motion allen physics temperature scales allen physics wave theory allen physics work energy allen physics this website is created solely for jee aspirants to download pdf, ebooks, study materials for free. In this article, how a light wave behaves like a particle and a wave are explained.
A century later it was postulated that light could be a transverse wave. For light electromagnetic waves the vectors are the electric and magnetic fields, and the lights polarization direction is by. O level physics revision notes archives teachifyme. Jun 25, 2019 waves class 11 notes physics chapter 15 waves wave is a form of disturbance which travels through a material medium due to the repeated f periodic motion of the particles of the medium about their mean positions without any actual transportation of matter. In transverse waves the vibration of the particles is at right angles to the direction of energy transport.
Derive the laws of reflection and refraction of light waves using the huygens and. Hence our ncert physics class 12 notes pdf can be downloade. Tips and notes for english, general paper, and composition writing are also provided. Light reflection and refraction notes for class 10 download pdf. The physics of waves version date february 15, 2015. Example a sinusoidal wave of frequency 500 hz has a speed of 350 ms.
Wave energy wave energy may be produced by vibrating objects or particles i. We will start with periodic motion for the rst two lectures, with our speci c examples being the motion of a mass attached to the end of a spring, and the pendulum. Cancellation and addition of diffracted waves results in striped pattern in contrast to what would be expected by particles. While a mechanical wave exists in a medium which on deformation is capable of producing elastic restoring forces waves ofproducing elastic restoring forces, waves of. Mark the incident ray with crosses and where it enters the block, and do the same for the refracted ray. Notice, you are not being asked for the values of y1 nor y2. In physics, the term light sometimes refers to electromagnetic radiation of any wavelength, whether visible or not. They are also responsible for transmitting energy in the form of microwaves, infrared radiation ir, visible light vis, ultraviolet light uv.
Visible light and radio waves are components of the electromagnetic wave spectrum. If you think the materials are useful kindly buy these legally from publishers. The transverse nature of light can be demonstrated through polarization. We have created these notes by hiring some of the best minds in the physics academia. Introduction and types a wave is a transfer of energy through a medium from one point to another.
Find materials for this course in the pages linked along the left. Light bulb wattage compared old incandescent bulbs v. If light is a wave, two sources emitting waves in a synchronized fashion1 should produce a pattern of alternating bright and dark bands on a screen. Based on the wave theory, poisson, aragoand fresnel predicted that there should be a. If youre behind a web filter, please make sure that the domains. Light is a form of energy emitted by set of luminous body and travels along the straight line. Motion and mechanical energy were awesome were they not. Light is absorbed propagation is stopped medium is opaque.
The text is designed for upperlevel undergraduate students with a physics background. Physics of light and optics justin peatross michael ware brigham young university august 14, 2008. If light wave frequency molecules resonant frequency. For example, if youre looking to buy a bulb that will give the amount of light you used to get from a bulb, youll now look for 800 lumens. A group of rays of light emitted by a source of light is called a beam of light. Iit jee handwritten notes pdf for class 11 and class12 physics jee notes of alternating current. Wave optics describes the connection between waves and rays of light.
Ap physics waves the class, this ap physics thing, has been terrific so far, hasnt it. Gcse revision notes physics revision notes waves 1. Class 12 physics chapter 10 wave optics notes pdf download. Notes for electromagnetic waves chapter of class 12 physics. Also, check out our other helpful revision resources for o level physics 5054. Play notes that are close together and that are far apart. The wave equation for light propagating in xdirection in vacuum may be written as where is the sinusoidally varying electric field at position x. Preface this book provides an introduction to the eld of optics from a physics perspective. Lots of formulas, definitions and key points to learn off. Apr 22, 2019 electromagnetic waves those waves which do not require a material medium for their propagation, are called electromagnetic waves, e.
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